Tonsure was a prerequisite for receiving the minor and major orders. In the Latin or Western Rite of the Catholic Church, "first tonsure" was, in medieval times, and generally through 1972, the rite of inducting someone into the clergy and qualifying him for the civil benefits once enjoyed by clerics. St Bartholomew (by Carlo Crivelli, 1473, in the Ascoli Piceno Cathedral) Clerical tonsure
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Germanus I writes "The total tonsuring of the head is in imitation of the holy Apostle James, brother of the Lord, and the Apostle Paul, and of the rest." Western Christianity Rather, four locks of hair are clipped from the top of the head in the shape of a cross to mark their obedience to the Church. He placed on it a crown made not out of precious stones, but one which shines more than gold, topaz, or precious stone – with the stone and rock of faith.” In the Eastern Orthodox Church today, priests, deacons, readers, and other tonsured offices do not have their heads shaved. The Teacher Christ blessed this head, changed dishonour into honour, ridicule into praise. When he was sent out in the teaching and preaching of the Lord, his head was shaved by those who did not believe his word, as if in mockery. Germanus I, Patriarch of Constantinople from 715 to 730, writes "The double crown inscribed on the head of the priest through tonsure represents the precious head of the chief-apostle Peter. This is claimed to have originated with Saint Peter, and is the practice of the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church.Īncient and medieval usage Eastern Christianity Clerical tonsure The Roman: this consisted of shaving only the top of the head, so as to allow the hair to grow in the form of a crown.Some sources have also suggested links between this tonsure and that worn by druids in the Pre-Roman Iron Age. It was opposed by the Roman tradition, but many adherents to the Celtic tradition continued to maintain the old way well into the 8th and 9th centuries. The Celtic tonsure was worn in Ireland and Great Britain and was connected to the distinct set of practices known as Celtic Christianity. More recently a triangular shape, with one point at the front of the head going back to a line between the ears, has been suggested. The shape may have been semicircular, arcing forward from a line between the ears, but another popular suggestion, less borne out in the sources, proposes that the entire forehead was shaved back to the ears.
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There were three forms of tonsure known in the 7th and 8th centuries: Tradition states that it originated with the disciples of Jesus, who observed the Torah command not to shave the hair around the sides of one's head ( Leviticus 19:27). Tonsure was not widely known in antiquity. The complete shaving of one's head bald, or just shortening the hair, exists as a traditional practice in Islam after completion of the Hajj and is also practised by a number of Hindu religious orders.Ī pattern in the behavioral disorder trichotillomania (compulsive pulling out of scalp hair) has been named after the pattern of this style.Ĭeltic stone head from ancient Bohemia (150–50 BC), possibly depicting the form of the later Celtic Christian tonsure History and development
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It is also commonly used in the Eastern Orthodox Church for newly baptised members and is frequently used for Buddhist novices, monks, and nuns. Tonsure is still a traditional practice in Catholicism by specific religious orders (with papal permission). Current usage more generally refers to cutting or shaving for monks, devotees, or mystics of any religion as a symbol of their renunciation of worldly fashion and esteem. Tonsure can also refer to the secular practice of shaving all or part of the scalp to show support or sympathy, or to designate mourning. The term originates from the Latin word tonsura (meaning "clipping" or "shearing" ) and referred to a specific practice in medieval Catholicism, abandoned by papal order in 1972. Tonsure ( / ˈ t ɒ n ʃ ər/) is the practice of cutting or shaving some or all of the hair on the scalp as a sign of religious devotion or humility.